SOLFERINO IMPERIAL
"
I do Landes one of the first departments of France ,
and at peace, a garden for my old guard
"
Napoleon 1 to Tartas - April 1808 -
Monday, January 11, 2010
"
What my uncle had planned for Landes, I realize 
"
What my uncle had planned for Landes, I realize
" Napoleon III in Bordeaux - October 1852 -
the early nineteenth century, within the Landes region is largely a country of strange and inhospitable marshy moors, then likened to a barren desert and barren, unhealthy, and populated by some savages. Several attempts to transform and improve of this country have arisen since the 18th century. Pines are planted around 1700 on the side of Mimizan, a Swiss banker has even tried it and ruined the country in 1760 in Buch. The engineer Brémontier made serious proposals in 1780 and tests are carried out around 1787. But these experiences of afforestation have met with resistance from pastors claiming the right path and free grazing of sheep herds on the vast moors until municipal (or padouens lanes). Several pioneers (G. Desbiey - Raise Baron) formulated project enhancement and development, but it is ultimately only from 1849 that any real work due to Engineering Chambrelent could be undertaken .. Variously appreciated by locals skeptical, all these studies and the many memories, however, were the inspiration for the principles of which led to the creation of an Imperial Domain, which today still small discrete and isolated village of Solferino is a charming testimony.
New economic ideas and social, lead to the bill on the reorganization was intended to promote the cultivation of the Landes de Gascogne, presented by the Council of State members of the legislature on April 28 1857.Afin support this law enacted on June 19, Napoleon III, sensitive the development of wasteland and desert regions, and even comes to Labouheyre Sabres August 23, 1857. This permit and impose mêm major drainage works prior to the establishment of a forest of pines that end, the law requires one hundred and ten municipalities in the department of Landes of afforested heathland their communal and even alienate these individuals whenever deemed necessary. This is reinforced by the law of 28 July 1860 on the development of marsh and wasteland owned by the municipalities. Despite some resistance, rob the commons massively from what had hitherto been devoted to public use, resulting in the removal of the old tradition of free-range flocks. and the traditional lifestyle of the moor, in favor of a new economy.
Solferino
-main avenue called Centennial ...
ex during Napoleon
THE FIELD
Napoleon III personally acquired in March 1857, the funds of his civil list, 7400 acres taken from the territory of Commons The imperial project is to introduce, test and disseminate the best modes of ground crops applicable Landes, and build a village model to colonize waste lands and improve the living conditions of farmers . The idea original is to put the land in fallow
available to settlers veterans of the campaigns of the Crimea and Italy, leaving it to them to put them in culture, while inhabiting a country
almost deserted.
created by the Act of June 11, 1759, administered by the Department of the House of the Emperor, the estate was built from 1857 to 1863, under the general direction of the Engineer of Roads and Bridges, Henry CROUZET responsibility for water services Landes, assisted by Eugene WEAVER, an agricultural engineer. General Two guards remain on site, one of which, Leon BERNARDIN, became the manager until 1870.
Taston). The Company of Railways of the South is in charge of the establishment, from the railway, agricultural roads like sabers Escource, and paths are created throughout the area, often along drainage ditches dividing the plots, link farms between them, or serve as firewall ( See map of area in the departmental archives Landes).
It was agreed that the forest culture should occupy the first place, especially in maritime pine, but we try hardwoods, mainly oak and
cork oak (2280 ha are planted as early as 1858 1859) Two experimental nurseries of 2 ha each were established in 1858
containing all over 500,000 seedlings of multiple tree species and horticultural (Sabres and Labouheyre)
Map click to enlarge -
After dismissing the old dream of implantation a colony of veteran soldiers, and despite the intention of the Emperor to install a Bel-Air" and "
tuyas
Pouy "
the center of the field.
Source: AD Landes land Crouzet
Farm Pouy
farm Taston
current farm -inn "small farm imperial"
After more than a century of use, most of these farms have fallen into ruin. There are still eight, that of tuyas having disappeared.
- one, the farm Taston, currently at the roadside Morcenx was converted into a farm house.
- Farm La Serre and became Bouhemy hunting lodges .
- only the farm Pouy, closest to the old town, where lived the keeper and the manager of the estate, is still as it was built 150 years ago.
Ranked in the supplementary inventory of historic buildings and bought a few years ago by an industrialist Gironde, it should be redeveloped as soon
boutique hotel.
- the others are still visible in the center of farm modern
.
THE TOWN
Created from scratch, the village of Solferino has five aisles, whose principal is lined with 10 small houses floor called "cottages", identical and geometrically arranged, constructed between 1861 and 1863 for families of farm workers and craftsmen.
On both sides of the main track, four lanes are lined with straight and parallel, since 1861, each of two "cottages" double for two families. Exterior walks in 1862 also comprise four "cottages" single each. Two other houses are finally added to the simple end of the two median lanes.
The inhabitants of these houses did not pay rent, but had 75 days of work annually to the area, hoping to become homeowners after 10 years. They could also hire their service on the farms.
The domain and created the town center are a small population that is growing, but remains isolated. They are then erected in common
over 9,000 hectares by law avril1863 28 (for 449 h), attached to the Township of Buffalo. And taking the name of Solferino in
reference to the bloody battle fought on June 24 1759 by French troops in Piedmont against the Austrians. (Despite the protests and resistance
Solferino has a church ... Sainte Eugenie, built at the end of the aisle in 1860, a rectory and a school house is facing, and a cemetery. The church partly collapsed since 1911 and renovated by the Schneider family, is finally transferred to the common
In 1993
development plan for the town click to enlarge
the town hall-school
the "cottages "
rectory
To visit his field on his way resort of Biarritz, the Emperor had built, in 1857, a station on Line railway, which now houses the town hall of the municipality. He did so a visit Aug. 23, 1857 to go before the official ceremony Labouheyre, farm La Serre de las Prades where was built a large wooden chalet now disappeared ... It also Viita September 18, 1858 while staying in Biarritz. And October 4, 1863, accompanied by Prince Imperial.
A small museum was built in the 1920s by the Schneider family. It is now outdated because of fermé.pour and danger of the building addition to memories of the Second Empire, one could see a cast iron plate bearing the footprint of the emperor to melted
during his first run of 185
7.
After the fall of the Empire, the area becomes a national property confiscated by the state that is in receivership until the death of the Emperor in 1873. He then returned to his widow, the Empress Eugenie, who retains until 1905 before having to part with it. Then acquired by a forest owner who Girondin fragmented, it is redeemed in its great part in 1910 by the widow of Henry Schneider, ironmaster Creusot (including public buildings that had been donated to the town by the previous owner). then, upon his death in 1942, goes to his three daughters inherited. under common administration. Even today, after the many fires that have devastated thousands of hectares of forest, land is assembled in large agricultural areas.
Sources:
Michele Tastet
New economic ideas and social, lead to the bill on the reorganization was intended to promote the cultivation of the Landes de Gascogne, presented by the Council of State members of the legislature on April 28 1857.Afin support this law enacted on June 19, Napoleon III, sensitive the development of wasteland and desert regions, and even comes to Labouheyre Sabres August 23, 1857. This permit and impose mêm major drainage works prior to the establishment of a forest of pines that end, the law requires one hundred and ten municipalities in the department of Landes of afforested heathland their communal and even alienate these individuals whenever deemed necessary. This is reinforced by the law of 28 July 1860 on the development of marsh and wasteland owned by the municipalities. Despite some resistance, rob the commons massively from what had hitherto been devoted to public use, resulting in the removal of the old tradition of free-range flocks. and the traditional lifestyle of the moor, in favor of a new economy.
Solferino
-main avenue called Centennial ...
ex during Napoleon
THE FIELD
Napoleon III personally acquired in March 1857, the funds of his civil list, 7400 acres taken from the territory of Commons
of Commensacq, Escource, Labouheyre, Lue, Morcenx, Onesse Sabres and willing to grant them a high price. The location was chosen 
both sides of the line of railway from Bordeaux to Bayonne, commissioned recently by the Canadian National Railway
iron of the South (up to Dax in 1854 and Bayonne in 1855). 
both sides of the line of railway from Bordeaux to Bayonne, commissioned recently by the Canadian National Railway available to settlers veterans of the campaigns of the Crimea and Italy, leaving it to them to put them in culture, while inhabiting a country
almost deserted.
created by the Act of June 11, 1759, administered by the Department of the House of the Emperor, the estate was built from 1857 to 1863, under the general direction of the Engineer of Roads and Bridges, Henry CROUZET responsibility for water services Landes, assisted by Eugene WEAVER, an agricultural engineer. General Two guards remain on site, one of which, Leon BERNARDIN, became the manager until 1870.
It is bounded by a fence while developing 89 km, consisting of two ditches each comprising an earth grass outward, whose peak is seeded or planted with oaks, chestnut trees, acacias and sycamores .
Sanitation is provided by a network of over 200 km of canals and drainage ditches layout along the lines of slope (including the channel of Taston). The Company of Railways of the South is in charge of the establishment, from the railway, agricultural roads like sabers Escource, and paths are created throughout the area, often along drainage ditches dividing the plots, link farms between them, or serve as firewall ( See map of area in the departmental archives Landes).
It was agreed that the forest culture should occupy the first place, especially in maritime pine, but we try hardwoods, mainly oak and
cork oak (2280 ha are planted as early as 1858 1859) Two experimental nurseries of 2 ha each were established in 1858
containing all over 500,000 seedlings of multiple tree species and horticultural (Sabres and Labouheyre)
Map click to enlarge -
After dismissing the old dream of implantation a colony of veteran soldiers, and despite the intention of the Emperor to install a
foreign population in the region, it appears that the vast majority of families of farm workers recruited on criteria of ability and morality, or will be many people in the Landes region. In this regard, can read the excellent work done by Ms. Michele TASTET ( see Sources)
FARMS 
Napoleon III provided for the establishment of 14 model farms on both sides of the track railway.
In 1859, construction of farm buildings is over the first seven. These are farms "
Napoleon III provided for the establishment of 14 model farms on both sides of the track railway.
tuyas
" at the extreme north plots isolated Labouheyre and Lue, those "Montine " and "Tuc-Gaillard "in the extreme south to Morcenx, "J-Augu burlada " west,
"La Serre
" to the east, and the farm of ""La Serre
Pouy "
the center of the field.
Only two others are located later in 1860 and 1861. " Bouhemy
" north and "
Taston to the south. All are drawn and built using the same model: An isolated cabin to a floor for housing the head of culture (those Jaugu-burlada Pouy and are decorated with a frieze adorned with leaves of acanthus). him facing and open to the east, the three body farm building together at right angles, horseshoe to form a rectangular courtyard well. The central part, sometimes with half-timbered facade and ( farm Pouy ) includes a floor constituting a fodder loft. The rest of the facade which extends, without floor, is divided into a stable, barn and bouverie. The wings are perpendicular for the barn, the barn and sheds and hardware tools
(See farm plans Departmental Archives Landes) Each has a garden, 15 to 49 hectares of land cleared sown cereals and fodder, and 500 to 600 ha of pine plantation, 2
teams of oxen, a dozen cows and 200 to 300 sheep. It seems that each firm has a particular destination. One
sheep, the other cattle, another vine, another corn ...... finally even a specialist in the development of crops
alien plants which we know that sometimes name (China, Africa, Siberia, Peru ...). There will even test culture of cotton, quickly abandoned. There are more than 350 hectares of tillage, crop near and barnyard in the middle of a forest area (and swamps) of about 6500 hectares
An example: The firm Pouy
" north and "
Taston to the south. All are drawn and built using the same model: An isolated cabin to a floor for housing the head of culture (those Jaugu-burlada Pouy and are decorated with a frieze adorned with leaves of acanthus). him facing and open to the east, the three body farm building together at right angles, horseshoe to form a rectangular courtyard well. The central part, sometimes with half-timbered facade and ( farm Pouy ) includes a floor constituting a fodder loft. The rest of the facade which extends, without floor, is divided into a stable, barn and bouverie. The wings are perpendicular for the barn, the barn and sheds and hardware tools
(See farm plans Departmental Archives Landes) Each has a garden, 15 to 49 hectares of land cleared sown cereals and fodder, and 500 to 600 ha of pine plantation, 2
teams of oxen, a dozen cows and 200 to 300 sheep. It seems that each firm has a particular destination. One
sheep, the other cattle, another vine, another corn ...... finally even a specialist in the development of crops
alien plants which we know that sometimes name (China, Africa, Siberia, Peru ...). There will even test culture of cotton, quickly abandoned. There are more than 350 hectares of tillage, crop near and barnyard in the middle of a forest area (and swamps) of about 6500 hectares
An example: The firm Pouy
Source: AD Landes land Crouzet
Farm Pouy
farm Taston
current farm -inn "small farm imperial"
After more than a century of use, most of these farms have fallen into ruin. There are still eight, that of tuyas having disappeared.
- one, the farm Taston, currently at the roadside Morcenx was converted into a farm house.
- Farm La Serre and became Bouhemy hunting lodges .
- only the farm Pouy, closest to the old town, where lived the keeper and the manager of the estate, is still as it was built 150 years ago. Ranked in the supplementary inventory of historic buildings and bought a few years ago by an industrialist Gironde, it should be redeveloped as soon
boutique hotel.
- the others are still visible in the center of farm modern .
THE TOWN
Created from scratch, the village of Solferino has five aisles, whose principal is lined with 10 small houses floor called "cottages", identical and geometrically arranged, constructed between 1861 and 1863 for families of farm workers and craftsmen.
On both sides of the main track, four lanes are lined with straight and parallel, since 1861, each of two "cottages" double for two families. Exterior walks in 1862 also comprise four "cottages" single each. Two other houses are finally added to the simple end of the two median lanes.
Each house had a small vegetable garden and nearly 2ha of land whose occupants had the enjoyment for their livelihood or profit. The domain and created the town center are a small population that is growing, but remains isolated. They are then erected in common
over 9,000 hectares by law avril1863 28 (for 449 h), attached to the Township of Buffalo. And taking the name of Solferino in
reference to the bloody battle fought on June 24 1759 by French troops in Piedmont against the Austrians. (Despite the protests and resistance
common Escource amputated the original hamlet of Cape Pine). Land and farms too remote from Bel-Air and tuyas however detached and attached to the common Labouheyre and read.
Solferino has a church ... Sainte Eugenie, built at the end of the aisle in 1860, a rectory and a school house is facing, and a cemetery. The church partly collapsed since 1911 and renovated by the Schneider family, is finally transferred to the common
In 1993
development plan for the town click to enlarge
the town hall-school
the "cottages "
rectory
To visit his field on his way resort of Biarritz, the Emperor had built, in 1857, a station on Line railway, which now houses the town hall of the municipality. He did so a visit Aug. 23, 1857 to go before the official ceremony Labouheyre, farm La Serre de las Prades where was built a large wooden chalet now disappeared ... It also Viita September 18, 1858 while staying in Biarritz. And October 4, 1863, accompanied by Prince Imperial.
A small museum was built in the 1920s by the Schneider family. It is now outdated because of fermé.pour and danger of the building addition to memories of the Second Empire, one could see a cast iron plate bearing the footprint of the emperor to melted during his first run of 185
7.
After the fall of the Empire, the area becomes a national property confiscated by the state that is in receivership until the death of the Emperor in 1873. He then returned to his widow, the Empress Eugenie, who retains until 1905 before having to part with it. Then acquired by a forest owner who Girondin fragmented, it is redeemed in its great part in 1910 by the widow of Henry Schneider, ironmaster Creusot (including public buildings that had been donated to the town by the previous owner). then, upon his death in 1942, goes to his three daughters inherited. under common administration. Even today, after the many fires that have devastated thousands of hectares of forest, land is assembled in large agricultural areas.
Sources:
Michele Tastet
-Solferino Imperial Domain (Ed.Pyrémonde 2008) 
Roger Sargos - Contribution to the history of afforestation in the Landes of Gascony - (Ed Delmas 1949)
Roger Sargos - Contribution to the history of afforestation in the Landes of Gascony - (Ed Delmas 1949)
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